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South African republic referendum, 1960
A referendum on becoming a republic was held in South Africa on 5 October 1960. The Afrikaner-dominated right-wing National Party, which had come to power in 1948, was avowedly republican, and regarded the position of Queen Elizabeth II as head of state as a relic of British imperialism. The National Party government subsequently organised the referendum on whether the then Union of South Africa should become a republic. The vote, which was restricted to whites, was narrowly approved by 52.29% of the voters.〔(South Africa, 5 October 1960: Proclamation of the Republic ) Direct Democracy 〕 The Republic of South Africa was constituted on 31 May 1961.
==Background==
Prior to the referendum, H.F. Verwoerd — Prime Minister of South Africa since 1958 — lowered the voting age for whites to 18, and had also included the white voters of the ex-German colony of South West Africa, now Namibia, on the electoral roll. Afrikaners, who were more likely to favour a republic than English-speaking white South Africans, were also on average younger than them, with a higher birth rate. Similarly in South West Africa, the Afrikaners and German-speaking whites outnumbered English-speaking members.
Whites in the former Boer republics of the Transvaal and Orange Free State voted decisively in favour, as did those in South West Africa. In the Cape Province there was a smaller majority, while Natal, which had an English-speaking majority of whites, voted against. Following the referendum result, some whites in Natal even called for secession from the Union.〔(Secession Talked by Some Anti-Republicans ), ''Saskatoon Star-Phoenix'', 11 October 1960〕 Five years previous, some 33,000 Natalians had signed the Natal Covenant in opposition to the plans for a republic.
The opposition United Party actively campaigned for a 'No' vote, while the smaller Progressive Party appealed to supporters of the proposed change to 'reject ''this'' republic', arguing that South Africa's membership of the Commonwealth, with which it had privileged trade links, would be threatened.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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